Rigid self-supporting hollow body, constructions produced with one or more such hollow bodies and method for making such constructions

ABSTRACT

A rigid self-supporting hollow body ( 1 ) having large dimensions and intended for building constructions, wherein the body is of the type including a thin wall ( 4 ) having a generally cylindrical shape relative to an axis ( 5 ) and two end flanges ( 6 ) oriented towards the outside, defining an integral assembly having an inner hollow space ( 7 ) with two end openings ( 8 ), made of a coating and resistance material containing concrete or the like and reinforced with fibres. The flanges ( 6 ) include or define fastening elements ( 15 ) that enable, using fastening members ( 6 ), the rigid fastening on one and/or the other flanges ( 6 ) of the body, of an adjacent flange ( 6 ) of a second similar neighbouring body ( 1 ) and/or of a blocking wall ( 3 ) optionally including one or more openings ( 3   a ) so as to build constructions in a modular and flexible manner.

The invention relates to a large-dimension, self-supporting, rigid hollow body that is designed for the production of structures and structures that are produced from one or more of such hollow bodies. It also relates to the process for the production of such structures.

The document EP 0252072 describes a process and a device for the production of hollow bodies that are made of concrete and that are reinforced with continuous fibers. According to this process, the fibers are impregnated with water, the fibers are passed into a cement milk, the fibers are wound under tension into at least one layer, on a layer that consists of a mixture of cement and chopped fibers, whereby the concrete has been prepared from a siliceous material that has a fine grain size, and the composite product that is thus obtained is hardened at least partially before withdrawing it from said mandrel. The device comprises at least two tanks for the baths for impregnating fibers that can move in a direction that is parallel to the axis of the mandrel, a tilting arm that is equipped with a device for projecting the mixture of cement and chopped fibers and making it possible to apply the fibers under tension on the cement-coated mandrel. The hollow body consists of a prestressed concrete that is reinforced with fibers, whereby said concrete consists of a siliceous material that has a fine grain size and that has a fiber content that ranges up to 10% by weight and more of the final product that is obtained.

The document GB 2068820 describes a non-planar body that is reinforced by means of glass fibers. This body is tubular or U-shaped or pseudo-U-shaped. It comprises successive superposed layers. First, the body is produced flat, and then it is shaped as desired in a cooling fixture.

The document BE 1010457A4 describes a process for the production of hollow or flat bodies from cement mortar that is reinforced with fibers that are impregnated with acrylic polymers. In this process, a flange is used at each of the ends of the mandrel, continuous fibers are then wound around the mandrel in the form of fabric or netting that forms a mesh in warp and weft, impregnated with polymers that are preferably previously dried or polymerized with a cement mortar or any other binder.

The document EP 1433581 describes a structure and a corresponding production installation. It is a matter of obtaining a uniform application of the hardening composition in such a way that the product has a homogeneous surface that reduces the risk of microcracks and that increases the quality and the solidity. In addition, it is proposed to implement natural fibers.

The document WO2006130047 describes an installation for production of structural modules that comprises a rotary platform on which is installed a template that is reinforced with flanges, coils with continuous and infinite fiber, a device for the application of hardener, whereby the template is produced so as to be able to be compressed and the flanges to be removable. The device for application of the hardener is attached to a movable carriage that is installed on a straightedge, and it consists of a guide on which is attached a hose with a nozzle for supplying hardener, an oscillating block that is attached to the straightedge ensuring the nozzle a constant perpendicularity with the surface of the template, and an equidistance to the latter and a counterweight. The fiber of the coils is an alkali-resistant fiber, and a device for supplying binder onto the glass fiber that is wound on the template is provided.

The document FR 1545241 describes a process for construction and prefabricated parts made of concrete or reinforced concrete for building, in particular for building framing. In this complex production, framing elements and beams are provided. By contrast, annular flanges that comprise holes that can work with elements for attachment by bolting or screwing are not provided.

The document FR 2 373 649 relates to improvements to the modular structures for marginal housing. Strictly speaking, this document does not describe a self-supporting hollow body, whereby the boxes form front elements that have to be combined with other panels. As above, annular flanges that comprise holes that are able to work with attachment elements by bolting or screwing have not been disclosed.

The document FR 2 282 979 describes a process and a machine for the production of three-dimensional modules. A rotary matrix that forms a male mold is provided. This document does not reveal that the module includes annular flanges that comprise holes that can work with elements for attachment by bolting or screwing.

The cited documents, however, attempt to describe an actually operational technique.

The invention takes advantage of the technique of the known field that consists in winding fibers on and around a mandrel while depositing on the latter a coating and resistance material that is based on concrete or the like, able to be deposited in the liquid state and then to harden, so as to form a hollow body that is made of concrete or the like, comprising a thin wall that is generally cylindrical in shape relative to an axis and two end flanges that are directed toward the outside, forming a one-piece unit that has an inside empty space with two end openings, whereby such a body is designed for the production of structures. The purpose of the invention is quite particularly to make this technique truly operational.

In particular, the purpose of the invention is:

-   -   To take advantage of the flanges,     -   To allow the installation of elements for circulation and/or for         distribution of electricity or electronics, or liquid or gaseous         fluids and/or for the housing of means of thermal insulation         and/or soundproofing means,     -   To be able to produce an infinite variety of structures in         particular comprising a number of juxtaposed or superposed         bodies and/or one or more walls for concealment of the end         openings of the bodies,     -   To produce such structures by a simple, rapid, and inexpensive         process that does not require a significant preparation of the         site where they are to be installed or a heavy and complex         infrastructure.

More generally, the ultimate purpose of the invention is the production of modular structures that:

-   -   Are suited to all of the standards and specifications on matters         of city planning     -   Are fire- and corrosion-resistant     -   Have an excellent level in terms of heat and acoustic insulation     -   Have minimal upkeep and maintenance     -   Have a high mechanical strength that is particularly suited to         zones with high seismic activity     -   Are such that they require optionally little—if any—foundation     -   Are easily transportable from one site to another     -   Are such that the manufacturing installations can be mounted on         vehicles     -   Are such that they make possible a standardization of the         finishing and equipment     -   Are at the same time progressive, inelastic, and variable     -   Are sources of savings.

For this purpose, and according to a first aspect, the invention relates to a large-dimension, one-piece, self-supporting, rigid, hollow body that is designed for the production of structures, comprising a thin wall that is generally cylindrical in shape relative to an axis and two end flanges that are directed toward the outside that projects relative to the extrados of the cylindrical wall, forming an inner empty space with two end openings, made of coating and resistance material that is based on fiber-reinforced concrete, characterized in that the two end flanges have an annular axis shape, adapted to the shape of the cylindrical wall, and comprise attachment means in the form of holes that can work with the attachment elements by bolting or screwing, for the rigid attachment to one and/or the other of the flanges, a flange that is adjacent to an adjacent, analogous second body and/or a concealment wall, so as to allow the production of structures in a modular and flexible way.

According to one characteristic, the flanges comprise means of attachment in the form of holes that can work with attachment elements by bolting or screwing and means of attachment of the flanges that include position-regulating means.

According to one characteristic, the flanges form—by their peripheral surface that projects relative to the extrados of the cylindrical wall—separation means between the extrados of two adjacent, analogous bodies that are in contact by their flanges.

According to one characteristic, the flanges comprise or form or help to form removable attachment means of an element for handling the body during its production, its movement, its storage, or its mounting.

According to one characteristic, the cylindrical wall comprises or forms or helps to form housing means for elements for circulation and/or for distribution of electricity or electronics, or liquid or gaseous fluids and/or housing for means of thermal insulation and/or soundproofing means. One housing means for elements for circulation and/or for distribution of electricity and electronics, or liquid or gaseous fluids, is a hollow reserve that is arranged in the cylindrical wall or a passageway that is formed between the soffit or the extrados of the cylindrical wall and another exogenic wall that is located inside or outside the body, respectively.

According to one characteristic, the soffit of the cylindrical wall comprises or forms or helps to form projecting support means for an attached wall that can constitute the floor or the suspended ceiling of the structure. In this case, there is a space between the soffit of the cylindrical wall and the attached wall of the floor or the ceiling. This space forms housing means for elements for circulation and/or for distribution of electricity or electronics, or liquid or gaseous fluids, and/or the housing of means of thermal insulation and/or soundproofing means.

According to one characteristic, the hollow body is a microconcrete or the like that is reinforced with continuous glass fibers that are oriented in a cylindrical way like the cylindrical wall and can be found under a slight prestressing, whereby the microconcrete and the fibers are in superposed thin layers, with the concrete being able to absorb the compression stresses, and the fibers being able to absorb the tensile stresses.

According to one characteristic, the hollow body has a structure that is homogeneous in its thickness or a sandwich-type heterogeneous structure that comprises an outer part and an inner part, each made of microconcrete that is reinforced with continuous glass fibers, and one or more functional central parts for mechanical reinforcement, or thermal protection or soundproofing.

According to one characteristic, the hollow body has a straight cross-section that is generally square or rectangular, pseudo-square or pseudo-rectangular, trapezoidal or pseudo-trapezoidal in shape, with rounded or broken angles, two parts of cylindrical wall that are face to face and parallel to one another being designed to form the lower part and the upper part, respectively, of the structure, whereby two other parts of the cylindrical wall that are face to face are designed to form two walls of the structure.

According to a second aspect, the invention relates to a self-supporting structure, namely a building for individual or collective use, comprising at least one rigid hollow body as it was just described, characterized in that the axis of the thin wall is placed horizontally or approximately horizontally, whereby the upper and lower parts of the structure—or the structural part that is produced using the body—are formed by two horizontal or approximately horizontal parts that face the cylindrical wall, whereby the walls of the structure are formed by two vertical or approximately vertical parts that face the cylindrical wall, whereby the two end openings and the flanges are located in vertical or approximately vertical planes.

According to one characteristic, the structure comprises at least two juxtaposed or superposed adjacent bodies. According to one embodiment, the two bodies are juxtaposed with their coaxial axes, whereby two flanges of two bodies are opposite one another and are attached rigidly to one another. According to another embodiment, the two bodies are juxtaposed with their axes forming one angle between them.

According to one embodiment, the two bodies are superposed with their coaxial axes, the two flanges of the upper body resting on the two flanges of the lower body, whereby two flanges in contact are rigidly attached to one another by specific attachment means.

According to one characteristic, the structure comprises elements for insulation—against water, air, noise, dust, etc.—that are interposed between two adjacent flanges of two adjacent bodies.

According to one characteristic, the structure comprises at least one concealment wall that is attached to a flange of a body of the structure. The concealment wall constitutes an outside wall (façade) or an inside wall (partition) of the structure.

According to one characteristic, the structure comprises a space between two juxtaposed or superposed adjacent bodies whose peripheral surfaces of flanges are in contact, whereby this space is left empty or forms housing means for elements for circulation and/or for distribution of electricity or electronics, or liquid or gaseous fluids and/or housing for means of thermal insulation and/or soundproofing means.

According to one characteristic, the structure is characterized by the combination between, on the one hand, the space between two juxtaposed or superposed adjacent bodies that form housing means for elements for circulation and/or for distribution of electricity or electronics, or liquid or gaseous fluids, and, on the other hand, the cylindrical wall of the body in that it comprises or forms or helps to form housing means for elements for circulation and/or for distribution of electricity or electronics, or the liquid or gaseous fluids.

According to one characteristic, the structure comprises a wall that is attached to a body, able to constitute the floor or the suspended ceiling of the structure—or the structural part that is produced using the body. The space between the soffit of the cylindrical wall and the wall that is attached to the floor or ceiling forms housing means for elements for circulation and/or for distribution for electricity or electronics, or liquid or gaseous fluids, and/or the housing of means of thermal insulation and/or soundproofing means.

According to a third aspect, the invention relates to a process for the production of a self-supporting structure as it was just described, in which:

-   -   One or more bodies are produced in advance that are brought from         one situation where its axis or their axes is/are vertical or         approximately vertical to a situation where its axis or their         axes is/are horizontal or approximately horizontal,     -   The site where the structure is to be installed is prepared in         such a way that it is able to support one or more bodies having         its axis or their axes placed horizontally or approximately         horizontally,     -   The body or bodies and the concealment wall(s) are brought to         the site where they are to be installed,     -   The body or bodies is/are placed on the site where they are to         be installed so that it/they occupy(ies) the desired location,     -   If the structure comprises several bodies and/or one or more         concealment walls, their rigid attachment is ensured.

According to one characteristic, the body or bodies is (are) installed, without having to produce foundations, or else an anchoring of the body or bodies is implemented on the site where they are to be installed.

According to one characteristic, a rigid attachment of the two adjacent bodies or a concealment wall is ensured on a body with the flange attachment means.

According to one characteristic, the pipes (water, gas) are assembled by electric welding, and the elements for distribution of electricity or electronics are assembled by connectors.

According to one characteristic, the pipes and the elements for distribution of electricity or electronics are assembled in the space between two juxtaposed or superposed adjacent bodies that form housing means for the elements for circulation and/or distribution.

According to one characteristic, elements for insulation—against water, air, noise, dust, etc.—are placed between two adjacent flanges of two adjacent bodies.

According to one characteristic, elements for circulation and/or for distribution of electricity or electronics, or liquid or gaseous fluids, and/or for thermal and/or soundproofing insulation are placed in the space that is arranged between two juxtaposed or superposed adjacent bodies whose peripheral surfaces of the flanges are in contact.

According to one characteristic, the cylindrical wall is pierced to the right of a hollow reserve that is arranged in the cylindrical wall to allow communication to the right of this reserve between the latter and the outside of the body.

The invention will be better understood from reading the detailed disclosure that follows from several embodiments of the invention with reference to the drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the outside of a possible implementation of a structure that is produced according to the invention, in this case a western-type dwelling,

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the outside of another possible implementation of a structure that is produced in accordance with the invention in which there are visible, on the one hand, two constituent hollow bodies that are juxtaposed by their flanges and placed along a common axis, and, on the other hand, a wall for concealment of the end opening of one of the hollow bodies,

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the outside of a possible implementation of a unit of hollow bodies that constitute a structure, juxtaposed and superposed,

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the outside of a possible implementation of a self-supporting, rigid, hollow body according to the invention that makes possible the production of structures, whereby the axis of the hollow body is horizontal, as in the structure,

FIGS. 5A and 5B are two diagrammatic cutaway views through a transverse median plane of hollow bodies according to two possible embodiments, with a pseudo-rectangular shape in FIG. 5A and a pseudo-trapezoidal shape in FIG. 5B,

FIGS. 6A and 6B are two partial diagrammatic cutaway views, through a transverse median plane, of hollow bodies according to two possible embodiments, showing a “broken” angle in FIG. 6A and a rounded angle in FIG. 6B,

FIG. 7 is a diagrammatic cutaway view through an axial plane of a possible production of a flange that enters the production of a hollow body,

FIG. 8 is a partial diagrammatic cutaway view through an axial plane, showing the stub of a flange and the thin wall of the hollow body, the latter being homogeneous,

FIG. 9 is a partial diagrammatic cutaway view through an axial plane that shows the thin wall of the hollow body, the latter being heterogeneous and including a median part of insulation,

FIG. 10 is a partial diagrammatic cutaway view through an axial plane, showing the rigid combination of two adjacent flanges of two juxtaposed hollow bodies,

FIG. 11 is a partial diagrammatic cutaway view through an axial plane, showing the rigid combination of two adjacent flanges with two superposed hollow bodies,

FIG. 12 is a diagrammatic top view of two superposed hollow bodies whose flanges are in contact, whereby a space is arranged between the two hollow bodies outside of each of them,

FIG. 13 is a partial, diagrammatic, cutaway view through a transverse median plane of a possible production of hollow bodies showing the presence of a floor wall and a ceiling wall,

FIG. 14 is a partial, diagrammatic, cutaway view through a vertical axial plane of a possible implementation of hollow bodies with a floor wall, a ceiling wall, and a wall for concealment of the end opening of the hollow body,

FIG. 15 is a partial, diagrammatic, cutaway view through a transverse plane that illustrates the production of a hollow reserve in the cylindrical wall of a hollow body and access to the latter outside of the hollow body,

FIG. 16 is a diagrammatic, cutaway view through a vertical plane that illustrates an installation table according to the invention, whereby the mandrel and the flanges are part of the implementation of a hollow body, in combination with the thin cylindrical wall,

FIGS. 17A and 17B are two transverse, diagrammatic cutaway views of two possible implementations of a mandrel, namely a mandrel that has articulated walls as far as FIG. 17A is concerned, and a mandrel that comprises a deformable inflatable structure as far as FIG. 17B is concerned,

FIG. 18 is a diagrammatic top view of an installation for the implementation of the process.

A large-dimension, self-supporting, rigid, hollow body 1 is designed for the production of self-supporting structures 2 such as buildings for individual or collective use, whose purpose is housing or any other purpose such as, for example, an industrial, commercial, administrative, storage, or transit building, etc. Such a building has a purpose to be permanent or temporary. The structure can also be a civil engineering work, such as a canal, pipe, bridge, . . . .

Such a structure 2 comprises, as appropriate, a single hollow body 1 or several bodies for the most important structures. It comprises, if necessary, one or more concealment walls 3 that can comprise one or more openings 3 a, such as the opening of a door or a window or a passageway.

The same type of hollow body 1 makes possible the production of an infinite variety of structures 2, both by their nature and by their arrangement, and finally their aesthetics.

Such a structure 2 can be produced, i.e., the body or bodies 1 installed, without the necessity of producing foundations, which, combined with the rapidity of assembly, makes the invention well suited to the case where the structures 1 have to be produced immediately.

The hollow body 1 comprises a thin wall 4 that is generally cylindrical in shape relative to an axis 5 and two end flanges 6, directed toward the outside.

The hollow body 1 is one-piece, and it has an inner empty space 7 with two end openings 8 where the flanges 6 are located.

Such a hollow body 1 is made of coating and resistance material that is based on concrete or the like m and that is reinforced with fibers f.

A flange 6 has a general annular shape of axis 5, in correspondence with or adapted to the shape of the cylindrical wall 3.

The flange 6 comprises a primary part 9 and a stub 10 that is manufactured as a single piece.

The primary part 9 is in the general shape of a flattened hollow cylinder, and it is designed to be visible in the hollow body 1 once produced.

The stub 10 extends in the axial direction from a transverse surface 11 of the primary part 9. The stub 10 takes up inside radial space that is identical or close to the inside radial space of the primary part 9. Its outside radial space is small compared to the outside radial space of the primary part 9.

The stub 10 has an outside surface 12 that is provided with contours 13 for hooking for the coating and resistance material that is based on concrete or the like and that is reinforced with fibers that constitute the cylindrical wall 4.

In one embodiment, the stub 10 has a decreasing annular thickness from the transverse surface 11 of the primary part from which it extends up to its opposite free end 14.

In the embodiment that is being considered, such a flange 6 is made of a rigid material such as concrete.

Such a flange 6 comprises, in its primary part 9, attachment means 15 in the form of holes that can work with attachment elements 16 by bolting or screwing.

In one embodiment, the attachment means 15, the flanges 6 of which are provided, include position-regulating means such as oblong holes. This arrangement makes it possible to adjust with precision the relative position of two analogous adjacent hollow bodies 1, juxtaposed in the extension of one from the other and the relative position of a concealment wall 3 relative to the hollow body that supports it.

These structural arrangements make possible the production of structures 2 in a modular and flexible way.

In contrast, the flanges 6 form—through their peripheral surface 17 of the primary part 9 that projects relative to the extrados 18 of the cylindrical wall 4—means for separation between the extrados 18 of two analogous and adjacent hollow bodies 1 that are in contact by their flanges 6 (FIG. 12). The composition between the two hollow bodies 1 of a space 19 that is located on the outside of said hollow bodies 1 is the result.

According to one embodiment, the flanges 6 comprise or form or help to form removable attachment means of an element for handling the hollow body 1 during its production, its movement, its storage, or its mounting. Such attachment means can come in the form of openings.

According to one embodiment, the cylindrical wall 4 of the hollow body 1 comprises or forms or helps to form housing means 20 for elements 21 for circulation and/or for distribution of electricity or electronics, or liquid or gaseous fluids, but also means of housing of means 22 for thermal insulation and/or soundproofing means.

The space 19 between two hollow bodies 1 constitutes such means 20. These means 20 then consist of a passageway between the extrados 18 of the cylindrical wall 4 and another exogenic wall that is located on the outside of the hollow body 1 that is being considered, namely the extrados 18 of the cylindrical wall 4 of a another adjacent hollow body.

These means 20 can also consist of a hollow reserve 23 that is arranged in the soffit 24 of the cylindrical wall 4.

These means 20 can also consist of a passageway that is formed between the soffit 24 of the cylindrical wall 4 and another exogenic wall that is located inside the hollow body. Such a wall is, for example, a wall that is attached to the floor 25 or a wall that is attached to the ceiling 26.

According to one embodiment, the cylindrical wall 4 of the hollow body 1 comprises or forms or helps to form means for positioning and/or attaching functional and/or decorative elements that are designed to be part of the structure 2. Such functional and/or decorative elements are, for example, movable property, pieces of furniture, household appliances or heating appliances, or else elements for circulation and/or for distribution of electricity or electronics, or liquid or gaseous fluids.

According to one embodiment, the soffit 24 of the cylindrical wall 4 of the hollow body 1 comprises or forms or helps to form projecting support means 27, designed to support an attached wall 25 that is able to constitute the floor (false floor) of the structure 2 or an attached wall 26 that is able to constitute the (false) suspended ceiling of said structure 2.

In such a case, there is a space between the soffit of the cylindrical wall and the wall that is attached to the floor or the ceiling, whereby said space forms means 20 of housing for elements 21 for circulation and/or for distribution of electricity or electronics, or liquid or gaseous fluids, and/or the housing of means 22 for thermal insulation and/or soundproofing means, as it was indicated above.

According to one embodiment, the hollow body 1 is made of microconcrete or the like m that is reinforced with continuous glass fibers f for the like that are oriented cylindrically like the cylindrical wall 4, i.e., around the axis 5. Such fibers f are arranged so as to have a slight prestressing.

The microconcrete m and the fibers f are deposited in thin superposed layers so as to reach the desired thickness that is calculated based on desired performance levels.

In such an embodiment, the concrete m is essentially able to absorb the compression stresses while the fibers f are essentially able to absorb the tensile stresses.

In one embodiment (FIG. 8), the hollow body 1 has a homogeneous structure in its thickness, which means that it has a series of layers of concrete m and fibers f as indicated above.

In another embodiment (FIG. 9), the hollow body 1 has a sandwich-type heterogeneous structure in its thickness that comprises an outer part 28 and an inner part 29, each made of microconcrete or the like m that is reinforced with continuous glass fibers or the like f and one or more functional central parts 30 with mechanical or protective reinforcement, in particular thermal insulation or soundproofing.

In one embodiment, the hollow body 1 has a straight cross-section that is generally square or rectangular, pseudo-square or pseudo-rectangular in shape (FIG. 5A), or trapezoidal or pseudo-trapezoidal in shape (FIG. 5B), with “broken” angles 1 a (FIG. 6A) or rounded angles 1 a (FIG. 6B).

With such an embodiment, and as FIG. 4 shows it, two parts 4 a of the cylindrical wall 4 that are face to face and parallel to one another are designed to form the lower part and the upper part, respectively, of the structure 2, and are placed horizontally or approximately horizontally. On the other hand, two other parts 4 b of the cylindrical wall 4 that are face to face are designed to form two walls of the structure. These walls are, in the general case, placed vertically or approximately vertically. However, the flexibility of the invention makes it possible to consider inclined walls by means of hollow bodies 1 that have a straight cross-section that is generally trapezoidal or pseudo-trapezoidal in shape (FIG. 5B).

In general, the surfaces of the soffit 24 and the extrados 18 are planar or essentially planar.

In one embodiment, the hollow body 1 has an axial length and transversal dimensions on the order of 3 to 5 meters, and more specifically, an axial length on the order of 4.5 meters and transversal dimensions on the order of 3.3 and 4 meters, respectively.

In one possible embodiment, the hollow body 1 is equipped—from production—with outfitting elements or household furnishings.

The process for the production of such a hollow body 1 is now described.

In this process, an installation is used that comprises a mandrel 31 that forms an inner template for the hollow body 1.

Such a mandrel 31 has an outside surface 32 whose soffit 24 of the hollow body 1 is complementary. Consequently, in line with the hollow body 1, the mandrel 31 has a straight cross-section that is generally square or rectangular, pseudo-square or pseudo-rectangular, trapezoidal or pseudo-trapezoidal in shape with rounded or broken angles 31 a (FIGS. 17A and 17B).

Taking into account that when the hollow body 1 is produced, it is carried by the mandrel 31, it is suitable to provide to the axis of the mandrel 31 the same numerical reference as that of the hollow body 1, namely axis 5.

Such a mandrel 31 is rigid overall. So as not to be too heavy, since it has to be moved, it is preferably essentially hollow and made of a material that is as light as possible, for example wood.

It is understood that it is possible to use different mandrels corresponding to different shapes or dimensions of the hollow body 1 that is to be produced.

The mandrel 31 comprises an outside surface 32 with reduced adhesion on the soffit 24 of the hollow body 1 so as to be able to extract said hollow body 1 from the mandrel 31 without too much difficulty by axial pulling.

For this purpose, either the mandrel 31 comprises an outside surface 32 with reduced adhesion by its very nature or, at the beginning of the process for production, the outside surface 32 of the mandrel 31 is coated by an anti-adhesive or slippery material, for example with a grease base.

In another embodiment, there is a deformable mandrel 31 in a short run, enough to “detach” the outside surface 32 of the mandrel from the soffit 24 of the hollow body 1, between an expanded state for the production of the hollow body 1 and a retracted state in which at least a part of the outside surface 32 of the mandrel is separated from the soffit 24 of the hollow body 1 (FIGS. 17A and 17B).

With such an embodiment, the installation comprises means 33 for handling said deformation of the mandrel 33, as well as means for controlling said maneuvering means 33.

In the embodiment that is depicted in FIG. 17A, the walls 34 of the mandrel 31 are articulated and arranged in a deformable way between an expanded state in which the walls are planar (in dotted lines in the figure) and a retracted state in which the walls between them form a flattened V (in solid lines, whereby the deformation has been accentuated for better understanding).

In the embodiment that is shown in FIG. 17B, the mandrel 31 comprises an inside resistance structure 35 and an outside deformable structure 36, means 37 for inflating the outside structure 36 for bringing it into an expanded state, whereby the deformable structure is in a retracted state in which the inflating means 37 are inactive.

For the production of the process for manufacturing hollow bodies 1, prefabricated flanges 6 are used.

Continuous fibers f and coating and resistance material based on concrete or the like m are also used. This material m is able to be deposited in the liquid or pasty fluid state and then to harden quite rapidly.

According to the process, the mandrel 31 is placed with its axis 5 placed vertically or approximately vertically on a table 38 that is part of the installation. This table 38 can be made to pivot around its vertical axis by driving means such as a motorized roller. It is suitable, in line with the mandrel 31, that the table has the reference 5 of the axis reference. This pivoting motion will occur subsequently.

A lower flange 6 a is placed around the mandrel 31 toward its lower part 39.

An upper flange 6 b is placed around the mandrel 31 towards its upper part 40.

The two stubs 10 of the two flanges 6 a and 6 b are located opposite one another in the direction of the transverse median plane—in this case horizontal—of the mandrel 31.

The lower flange 6 a is placed on the table 38 while locking it in position relative to the latter. For this purpose, 1 a comprises—on its upper surface—locking means 41 in the position of the lower flange 6 a, working with complementary means of the flange 6 a. For example, it may be a matter of projections working with holes of the flange 6 a. The upper flange 6 b is suspended in the upper part 40 of the mandrel 31 by means of, for example, brackets 42. Radial play 43 is arranged between the outside surface 32 of the mandrel 31 and the inside surface of the flanges 6 a and 6 b.

The table 38—and therefore the mandrel 31 and the flanges 6 a and 6 b—is then driven to rotate. By doing so, the fibers f are wound around the part of the mandrel 31 that is located between the two flanges 6 a and 6 b, with the coating and resistance material m. The number of layers desired for the desired thickness, corresponding to the expected resistance performance levels, is formed.

When this stage is concluded, the thus produced hollow body 1 is extracted from the mandrel 31. The hollow body 1 dries and hardens so as to then be able to be used for the production of a structure 2.

In the case of a hollow body 1 having in its thickness a sandwich-type heterogeneous structure with an outside part 28, an inside part 29, and one or more functional central part(s) 30 (FIG. 9), the process first comprises a stage in which the table 38 is driven to rotate, and the fibers f are wound around and on the part of the mandrel 31 that is located between the two flanges 6 a and 6 b, with the coating and resistance material m by forming a certain number of layers for a desired thickness.

This stage is followed by another stage in which one or more layers of a thermal and/or soundproofing insulation material are placed on the outside surface of the previously-produced layers in order to produce the central layer(s) 30.

This stage is followed by another stage in which the table 38 is driven to rotate, and the fibers f are wound around and on the outside surface of the layer(s) 30 of the material for thermal and/or soundproofing insulation and between the two flanges 6 a and 6 b, with the coating and resistance material m by forming a certain number of layers for a desired thickness.

According to the embodiments, the fibers f are “single” or in a network. “Single” is defined as fibers that extend in a single direction and do not form a network.

The process that was just described is implemented by means of an installation that first of all comprises the table 38 that was already mentioned. In addition to the locking means 41, the table 38 comprises sliding guide means of the hollow bodies 1 that are produced, such as rails that are arranged in its upper surface. The table 38 is arranged so as to be able to accommodate the mandrel and the hollow body 1 once produced. For this purpose, in addition to a pivoting axis 43, support rollers 44 on which tracks 45 roll from the lower surface of the table 38 are provided in one embodiment.

In contrast, the installation comprises means for winding the fibers f around the part of the mandrel 31 that is located between the two flanges 6 a and 6 b and means for depositing the coating and resistance material m by forming the desired number of layers for the desired width. These means can comprise drums for fibers f, soaking vats, tightening means, and means for spraying or projecting the material m. In one embodiment, with these latter means, means for guiding spraying means so as to cover the entire outside surface of the mandrel 31, as well as the stubs 10 of the flanges 6 a and 6 b, can be combined.

In addition, in one embodiment, the installation comprises means for maintaining a constant or approximately constant separation between the mandrel 31 and the means for depositing the coating and resistance material m.

In the embodiment in which the cylindrical wall 4 of the hollow body 1 comprises housing means 20 that consist of a hollow reserve 23 that is arranged in the soffit 24, designed for elements 21 for circulation and/or for distribution of electricity or electronics, or liquid or gaseous fluids, the process is such that a hollow reserve box 46, open toward the outside surface 32 of the mandrel and closed elsewhere, is placed and maintained in a fixed manner for the duration of the production—for example by means of a light adhesive—on the outside surface 32 of the mandrel 31, at any desired location that is determined.

As it was disclosed above, such hollow bodies 1 make it possible to produce an infinite variety of self-supporting structures 2. In such a structure 2, the axis 5 of the cylindrical wall 4 is placed horizontally or approximately horizontally (FIGS. 2, 3, and 4). The upper and lower parts of the structure 2—or the part of the structure 2 that is arranged using the hollow body 1—are formed by the two parts 4 a that are horizontal or approximately horizontal that face the cylindrical wall 4. The walls of the structure 2—or of the part of structure 2 that is produced using the hollow body 1—are formed by the two parts 4 b, in particular vertical or approximately vertical, which face the cylindrical wall 4.

Such a structure comprises, according to a possible embodiment, at least two adjacent hollow bodies 1 that are juxtaposed or superposed.

According to a possible embodiment, the two hollow bodies 1 are juxtaposed with their coaxial axes 5, whereby the two flanges 6 of the two hollow bodies 1 are opposite one another and attached rigidly to one another by the attachment elements 16 that work with the attachment means 15 (FIG. 10).

According to another possible embodiment, the two hollow bodies 1 are juxtaposed with their axes 5 that form an angle between them, for example an angle that is equal to 90° or approximately 90°, whereby two flanges 6 of the two hollow bodies 1 are adjacent to one another and are combined rigidly with one another, directly or indirectly by means of the connecting parts.

According to a possible embodiment, the two hollow bodies 1 are superposed with their coaxial axes 5, whereby the two flanges 6 of the upper hollow body 1 rest on the two flanges 6 of the lower hollow body 1, and whereby two flanges that are in contact are attached rigidly to one another by specific attachment means 48, such as contoured H-shaped pieces (FIG. 11).

According to a possible embodiment, the structure 2 comprises elements 49 for insulation—against water, air, noise, dust, etc.—that are interposed between two adjacent flanges 6 of two adjacent hollow bodies 1.

As indicated above, a structure 2 can also comprise at least one concealment wall 3 that is provided, if necessary, with one or more openings 3 a. Such a concealment wall 3 is attached to a flange 6 of a hollow body 1 of the structure 2. Such a concealment wall 3 constitutes, according to the embodiments, an outside wall (front) or an inside wall (partition) of the structure 2.

As disclosed above, the structure 2 comprises a space 19 between two juxtaposed or superposed adjacent hollow bodies 1, whose peripheral surfaces 17 of the flanges 6 are in contact.

Such a space 19 is either left empty or forms means 20 of housing for the elements 21 for circulation and/or for distribution of electricity or electronics, or liquid or gaseous fluids, or else housing for means of thermal insulation and/or soundproofing means 22. Thus, the structure 2 is characterized by the combination between, on the one hand, the space 19, and, on the other hand, the cylindrical wall 4 of the hollow body 1 in that it comprises or forms or helps to form the housing means 20.

As disclosed above, the structure 2 can comprise a wall 25, 26 that is attached to a hollow body 1, able to constitute the floor or the suspended ceiling of the structure 2—or the structural part 2 that is produced using the hollow body 1. As indicated, the structure comprises a space between the soffit 24 of the cylindrical wall 4 and the wall that is attached to the floor or the ceiling 25, 26, whereby said space forms housing means for the elements 21 for circulation and/or for distribution of electricity or electronics, or liquid or gaseous fluids, and/or the housing of means of thermal insulation and/or soundproofing means 22.

In one embodiment, the pipes (water, gas) are assembled by electric welding, and connectors are provided for elements for distribution of electricity or electronics.

According to one embodiment, it is possible to produce a structure 2, with a single hollow body 1 that has a surface on the floor that can reach on the order of 20 m² for a body with a volume that can reach 50 m³.

The process for the production of such a self-supporting structure 2 is now described.

According to this process, one or more hollow bodies 1 are first produced that are brought from a situation where, for each of them, its axis 5 is vertical or approximately vertical—as is the case at the end of the production of the hollow body 1—to a situation where its axis 5 is horizontal or approximately horizontal—as is the case in the structure 2.

If necessary, one or more concealment walls 3 are used.

The site where the structure is to be installed is prepared so that it is able to support one or more hollow bodies 1 having its or their axes 5 placed horizontally or approximately horizontally as indicated.

The hollow body or bodies 1 and the concealment wall(s) 3 are brought to the site where they are to be installed.

The hollow body or bodies 1 is/are installed on the site where it/they is/are to be installed so that it (they) occupies (occupy) the desired location.

If the structure comprises several hollow bodies 1 and/or one or more concealment walls 3, their rigid attachment is ensured.

In this process, the hollow body or bodies 1 is (are) installed without the necessity of producing substantial foundations. However, according to one embodiment, an anchoring of the hollow body or bodies 1 on the site where it/they is/are to be installed is implemented.

A rigid attachment of two adjacent hollow bodies 1 or a concealment wall 3 on a hollow body 1 is ensured with the means 15 for attachment of the flanges 6.

According to one embodiment, the pipes (water, gas) are assembled by electric welding, and the elements for distribution of electricity or electronics are assembled by connectors.

According to one embodiment, the pipes and the elements for distribution of electricity or electronics are assembled in the space 19 between the juxtaposed or superposed adjacent hollow bodies 1 that form housing means 20 for elements 21 for circulation and/or distribution.

According to one embodiment, elements for insulation—against water, air, noise, dust, etc.—are placed between two adjacent flanges of two adjacent hollow bodies 1.

According to one embodiment, elements 21 for circulation and/or for distribution of electricity or electronics, or liquid or gaseous fluids, and/or means for thermal insulation and/or soundproofing means are placed in the space 19 that is arranged between two juxtaposed or superposed adjacent hollow bodies, whose peripheral surfaces 17 of the flanges are in contact.

According to one embodiment, the cylindrical wall 4 is pierced to the right of a hollow reserve 23 that is arranged in the cylindrical wall 4 to allow communication to the right of this reserve 23 between the latter and the outside of the hollow body (FIG. 15).

FIG. 18 shows a diagrammatic top view of an installation for the implementation of the process.

Two rails 50 that define a working direction (arrow F) are provided. Upstream and from a first side are located a zone 51 of raw materials of flanges and a zone 52 for assembling flanges. Upstream and from the second opposite side are located a zone 53 of raw materials for projecting and a zone 54 for the projecting machine. Downstream and from the first side is located a first zone 55 for assembling equipment to measure (such as kitchens, for example). Downstream and from the second opposite side is located a second zone 56 for assembling equipment to measure (such as bathrooms, for example). The entrance is at 57, and the exits from the finished bodies are at 58 between the zones 55,56. 

1. Large-dimension, one-piece, self-supporting, rigid, hollow body (1) that is designed for the production of structures (2), comprising a thin wall (4) that is generally cylindrical in shape relative to an axis (5) and two end flanges (6) that are directed toward the outside that projects relative to the extrados (18) of the cylindrical wall (4), forming an inner empty space (7) with two end openings (8), made of coating and resistance material that is based on fiber-reinforced concrete, characterized in that the two end flanges (6) have an annular axis shape (5), adapted to the shape of the cylindrical wall (4), and comprise attachment means (15) in the form of holes that can work with the attachment elements (16) by bolting or screwing, for the rigid attachment to one and/or the other of the flanges (6), a flange (6) that is adjacent to an adjacent, analogous second body (1) and/or a concealment wall (3), so as to allow the production of structures in a modular and flexible way, whereby the means (15) for attaching flanges include position-regulating means.
 2. Body according to claim 1, wherein the flanges (6) form—by their peripheral surface (17) that projects relative to the extrados (18) of the cylindrical wall (4)—separation means between the extrados (18) of two adjacent, analogous bodies (1) that are in contact by their flanges (6).
 3. Body according to claim 1, wherein the cylindrical wall (4) comprises or forms or helps to form housing means (20) for elements (21) for circulation and/or for distribution of electricity or electronics, or liquid or gaseous fluids, and/or housing for means (22) of thermal insulation and/or soundproofing means, whereby such a housing means (20) is a hollow reserve (23) that is arranged in the cylindrical wall (4) or a passageway that is formed between the soffit (24) or the extrados (18) of the cylindrical wall (4) and another exogenic wall that is located inside or outside of the body (1), respectively.
 4. Body according to claim 1, wherein the cylindrical wall (4) comprises or forms or helps to form means for positioning and/or attaching functional and/or decorative elements.
 5. Body according to claim 1, wherein the soffit (24) of the cylindrical wall (4) comprises or forms or helps to form projecting support means (27) for an attached wall (25) that can constitute the floor or the suspended ceiling of the structure (2), whereby a space is arranged between the soffit (24) of the cylindrical wall (4) and the attached wall (25) of the floor or the ceiling.
 6. Body according to claim 1, wherein it is made of microconcrete that is reinforced with continuous glass fibers that are oriented in a cylindrical way like the cylindrical wall (4) and are found under a slight prestressing, whereby the microconcrete and the fibers are in superposed thin layers, whereby the concrete is able to absorb the compression stresses, and the fibers are able to absorb the tensile stresses.
 7. Body according to claim 6, characterized by a homogenous structure in its thickness or by a sandwich-type heterogeneous structure that comprises an outside part (28) and an inside part (29), each made of microconcrete that is reinforced with continuous glass fibers and one or more functional central parts (30) for thermal insulation or soundproofing mechanical or protective reinforcement.
 8. Body according to claim 1, wherein it is equipped—from production—with outfitting elements or household furnishings.
 9. Self-supporting structure, namely a building for individual or collective use, comprising at least one large-dimension, self-supporting, rigid, hollow body (1) according to claim 1, wherein the axis (5) is placed horizontally or approximately horizontally, whereby the upper and lower parts of the structure—or the structural part that is produced using the body—are formed by two horizontal or approximately horizontal parts (4 a) that face the cylindrical wall (4), whereby the walls of the structure are formed by two vertical or approximately vertical parts (4 b) that face the cylindrical wall (4), and whereby the two end openings (8) and the flanges are located in the vertical or approximately vertical planes.
 10. Structure according to claim 9, wherein it comprises at least two juxtaposed or superposed adjacent bodies (1).
 11. Structure according to claim 10, wherein the two bodies (1) are juxtaposed with their coaxial axes (5), whereby two flanges (6) of the two bodies (1) are opposite one another and attached rigidly to one another with the attachment elements (16) that work with the attachment means (15).
 12. Structure according to claim 10, wherein the two bodies (1) are juxtaposed with their axes (5) that form an angle between them, such as an angle that is equal to 90° or approximately 90°, two flanges (6) of two bodies (1) being adjacent to one another and rigidly combined with one another, directly or indirectly.
 13. Structure according to claim 10, wherein the two bodies (1) are superposed with their coaxial axes (5), whereby the two flanges (6) of the upper body rest on the two flanges (6) of the lower body, whereby two flanges (6) that are in contact are attached rigidly to one another by specific attachment means (48).
 14. Structure according to claim 9, characterized by the presence of elements (49) for insulation—against water, air, noise, dust, etc.—that are interposed between two adjacent flanges (6) of two adjacent bodies (1).
 15. Structure according to claim 9, characterized by at least one concealment wall (3) that is attached to a flange (6) of a body (1) of the structure (2), constituting an outside wall (front) or an inside wall (partition) of the structure.
 16. Structure according to claim 9, characterized by a space (19) between two juxtaposed or superposed adjacent bodies (1), whose peripheral surfaces (17) of flanges (6) are in contact, whereby this space (19) is left empty or forms housing means (20) for elements (21) for circulation and/or for the distribution of electricity or electronics, or liquid or gaseous fluids, and/or housing for means (22) of thermal and/or soundproofing insulation.
 17. Structure according to claim 16, characterized by the combination between, on the one hand, the space (19) between two juxtaposed or superposed adjacent bodies (1) that form housing means (20) for the elements (21) for circulation and/or for distribution of electricity or electronics, or liquid or gaseous fluids, and, on the other hand, the cylindrical wall (4) of the body (1), wherein it comprises or forms or helps to form housing means (20) for elements (21) for circulation and/or for distribution of electricity or electronics, or liquid or gaseous fluid.
 18. Process for the production of a self-supporting structure according to claim 9, wherein: One or more bodies (1) are produced in advance 8 that are brought from a situation where its axis (5) is vertical or approximately vertical to a situation where its axis (5) is horizontal or approximately horizontal, The site where the structure is to be installed is prepared in such a way that it is able to support one or more bodies (1) having its or their axes (5) placed horizontally or approximately horizontally, The body or bodies (1) and the concealment wall(s) (3) are brought to the site where they are to be installed, The body or bodies (1) is/are placed on the site where they are to be installed so that it/they occupy(ies) the desired location, If the structure (2) comprises several bodies (1) and/or one or more concealment walls (3), their rigid attachment is ensured.
 19. Process according to claim 18, wherein the body or bodies (1) is (are) installed, without the necessity of producing foundations, or an anchoring of the body or bodies (1) on the site where they are to be installed is implemented.
 20. Process according to claim 18, wherein a rigid attachment of two adjacent bodies (1) or a concealment wall (3) on a body (1) with the means (15) for attachment of flanges (6) is ensured.
 21. Process according to claim 18, wherein the pipes (water, gas) are assembled by electric welding, and the elements for distribution of electricity or electronics are assembled by connectors.
 22. Process according to claim 18, wherein elements (49) for insulation—against water, air, noise, dust, etc.—are placed between two adjacent flanges (6) of two adjacent bodies (1).
 23. Process according to claim 18, wherein the elements (21, 22) for circulation and/or for distribution of electricity or electronics, or liquid or gaseous fluids, and/or thermal and/or soundproofing insulation are placed in the space (19) that is arranged between two juxtaposed or superposed, adjacent bodies (1), whose peripheral surfaces (17) of flanges are in contact.
 24. Process according to claim 18, wherein the cylindrical wall (4) is pierced to the right of a hollow reserve that is arranged in the cylindrical wall to allow communication to the right of this reserve between the latter and the outside of the body. 